Rossio Square, officially known as Praça de Dom Pedro IV, stands as the beating heart of Lisbon, a magnificent stage where centuries of Portuguese history have unfolded. This iconic square has witnessed royal proclamations, political revolutions, public executions, and countless everyday moments that define the soul of the Portuguese capital. It’s also where I first stayed in Lisbon and holds a special place in my own heart because of it.

A walk around Rossio and its surrounding historic landmarks takes you on an intimate journey through time – from medieval fortresses to Belle Époque cafés, neoclassical theaters, and even a historic geographical society.

This carefully curated walking tour will guide you through approximately 3-4 hours of discovery (depending on how long you choose to linger) and covers roughly 3-4 kilometers of Lisbon’s most historically significant areas. The route is designed to be leisurely and allow you time to absorb the rich history, enjoy traditional Portuguese cuisine, and experience the timeless atmosphere that makes Rossio one of Lisbon’s most storied places.

Note: We decided not to include addresses in this article. Use Google or Apple Maps to help navigate your way. Also, to be able to do this entire tour, you will need to go between Wednesday-Friday to catch everything open!

1. Starting Point – Rossio Square (Praça de Dom Pedro IV)

Begin your historic journey at the center of Rossio Square itself standing beneath the towering column of Dom Pedro IV. This grand square, paved with distinctive black and white limestone in wave-like patterns, has served as Lisbon’s main square since medieval times. The beautiful calçada portuguesa beneath your feet creates an optical illusion of movement. It represents the waves of the sea that brought Portuguese explorers to distant lands.

The square measures approximately 180 meters by 35 meters and has been the site of countless historical events. During the Inquisition, it hosted public executions and auto-da-fé ceremonies. Ponder that for a moment as you contrast it with the peace of today.

Later, it became the stage for political rallies, celebrations, and the daily commerce that defined Lisbon life. The central column, erected in 1870, honors Dom Pedro IV, who was also Emperor Pedro I of Brazil. This symbolizes the deep connections between Portugal and its former colonies.

Take a moment to observe the surrounding architecture. The north side features the magnificent Dona Maria II National Theater, while the south opens toward the Tagus River and the Lower Town (Baixa). The distinctive yellow buildings with their white trim represent the architectural reconstruction following the devastating 1755 earthquake that destroyed much of medieval Lisbon.

Just a brief 2-minute walk brings us to one of Rossio’s oldest and most atmospheric cafés.

2. Café Nicola 

Café Nicola (Praça Dom Pedro IV 24), which opened in 1787, has plenty of literary and political lore. It was a haunt of Ricardo Reis, one of Fernando Pessoa’s heteronyms, and a meeting point for revolutionary intellectuals in the 19th century. Its mint‑green woodwork, gilded mirrors, and vaulted ceiling have witnessed the rise and fall of empires—and remain almost unchanged. Order a bica (strong espresso) here and imagine the secret deals and poetry readings once conducted at your table.

From there, we walk three minutes to a more modest—but no less iconic—establishment.

3. A Ginjinha 

“A Ginjinha” (or “Ginjinha Sem Rival”) is the quintessential one-step bar built around a centuries-old cherry‑liquor tradition. Since 1840, locals have lined up to sip ginjinha, a sweet sour cherry liqueur. It is traditionally served in small chocolate-spoon-rimmed glasses. The mismatched stools, tin roof, and handwritten menu recall an old‑world authenticity. The patient servers make this a quick yet memorable stop before we head to the next venue just a two-minute walk away. 

4. Teatro Nacional Dona Maria II 

Teatro Nacional Dona Maria II crowns the northern side of Rossio with neoclassical grandeur. Built in 1842 on the site of the Royal Custom House, the theatre is fronted by a Doric portico and adorned with statues of the Muses. Inside, a lush horseshoe‑shaped auditorium hosts Portugal’s national drama ensemble. The theatre’s namesake, Queen Maria II, reigned during a turbulent constitutional era and championed the arts. Successive renovations restored war‑damaged frescos and special Art Nouveau touches. This has preserved the interesting blend of 19th and early 20th‑century aesthetics.

Since the mid‑1800s, performers have taken the stage for premieres of major plays, orchestral concerts, and political declarations, which makes the Teatro Nacional a civic symbol as much as a cultural one. The Teatro experienced a devastating fire in 1964 but was later completely restored by 1978.

Note: As of this writing, it is still being refurbished, so you can only take a look from the outside.

Now, let’s walk two minutes to our next stop, Palácio da Independência.

5. Palácio da Independência 

Directly behind the Teatro Nacional Dona Maria II stands Palácio da Independência. Built in 1870 as the headquarters of the Portuguese Supreme Court, its façade combines neoclassical symmetry and Second Empire flair, crowned by allegorical statues of Justice. Located on the same site as the former Convent of Nossa Senhora da Conceição, parts of which date back to the 16th century, the palace has had many a legal debate that shaped constitutional law within its walls – from the First Portuguese Republic to the Estado Novo dictatorship and into today’s democratic era.

Now, the inside of the building is a bit run down and the area to explore is small, but the part that this palace has played in history is undeniable. 

The palace is open from 10:00 AM-6:00 PM from Monday-Friday.

From here, it’s a 4-minute walk to one of Lisbon’s most historic hotels.

6. Hotel Mundial

Heading southeast toward Martim Moniz, we reach the Hotel Mundial, which opened in 1958 and became Lisbon’s tallest building at the time. Though modern in appearance, the hotel incorporates Moorish‑inspired arches and tiled decoration on its lower levels—an homage to Portugal’s Islamic heritage. The rooftop bar also offers one of the city’s best 360° views.

The hotel has hosted musicians, diplomats, and writers. It may not looks so fancy today compared to the wealth of boutique hotels constructed over the last 30 years, but it’s worth a peek in or a drink on the roof to appreciate its history.

Now, it’s a 5-minute walk to one of our most beautiful stops today.

7. Casa do Alentejo 

Just a few blocks away is the hidden gem Casa do Alentejo, a palace‑turned‑cultural institution celebrating the traditions of Portugal’s Alentejo region. In 1930, Alentejo immigrants in Lisbon acquired a neglected early‑20th‑century mansion in the Moorish Revival style. Today, visitors cross into an opulent courtyard lined with horseshoe arches, intricate azulejos (tiles), carved woodwork, and a courtyard restaurant occasionally accompanied by fado. The upstairs halls host exhibitions, lectures, and regional wine tastings, which pays tribute to the rich land that gave this “Casa” its name. I once attended a birthday party here in the grand ballroom on the second floor and it truly felt like we had stepped back into a 19th century novel. 

It’s worth having lunch or dinner here in the restaurant inside the Casa do Alentejo. The restaurant is open every day from 12:00 PM-4:00 PM and 7:00 PM-11:00 PM.

Walk just one minute down the road to the Geographic Society of Lisbon (Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa)

8. Museum of the Geographical Society of Lisbon 

A very short walk brings you to the Museum of the Geographical Society of Lisbon (Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa), which was founded in 1875 and is closely linked to Portugal’s Age of Empire and its discoveries. The society was akin to the London or French geographic societies and served as a meeting point for explorers, colonists, and academics. You wouldn’t know that this place is anything is special from the outside, but, once you’re inside, you will find ornate wood-paneled halls, framed maps, antique globes, and explorers’ journals – along with a classic library. A small exhibition illustrates Portugal’s role in mapping Angola, Mozambique, Timor, and Brazil.

Though Portugal’s empire has faded, the Society maintains archives, lectures, and student outreach. 

The museum is open from 9:30 AM-5:00 PM from Monday-Friday.

Walk one minute behind the Geographic Society of Lisbon and you can see the Coliseu dos Recreios. 

9. Coliseu dos Recreios 

Literally around the corner stands the Coliseu dos Recreios, inaugurated in 1890 as Lisbon’s premier indoor arena. Designed by architect José Luís Monteiro, who also created Rossio Station (our next stop), the Coliseu combines iron‑frame engineering with Neoclassical façades. Over its 130‑year life, it has hosted bullfights, boxing matches, operas, circuses, and rock concerts. Notable artists from Maria Callas to the Rolling Stones have appeared on its stage.

Its democratic atmosphere with cheap bleacher tickets available along with VIP balconies demonstrates Lisbon’s ability to host both high culture and popular spectacle under the same roof.

Walk five minutes back towards where we started today and you will reach one of the most impressive buildings of our tour today – Rossio Station.

10. Rossio Station 

And now for Lisbon’s most gorgeous train station! Rossio Station was built between 1886 and 1890 and represents the height of Portuguese Romantic architecture.

The station’s neo-Manueline façade, inspired by Portugal’s 16th-century architectural style, creates a dramatic contrast with the Pombaline architecture surrounding Rossio Square. The elaborate stonework, which features maritime motifs, twisted columns, and ornate portals, celebrates Portugal’s Age of Discovery and maritime history.

Designed by architect José Luís Monteiro, the station demonstrates how late 19th-century Portuguese architects drew inspiration from their nation’s golden age while incorporating modern engineering for railway transport. The building’s twin horseshoe arches create a Moorish influence that acknowledges Portugal’s complex cultural heritage.

Inside, the station maintains its period character while also being a modern train station. Its most popular route is the connection to Sintra, one of Portugal’s most romantic and historically significant towns. The 40-minute train journey to Sintra passes through landscapes that have inspired poets, artists, and royalty for centuries. Be ready to get your seat because this is VERY popular with tourists and fills up fast.

One of our biggest walks today will be the 15-minute up a few sets of stairs to a beautiful view and a café break (we promise you, the view is worth it!).

11. Café da Garagem 

We are now going to go up a steep hill and some big sets of stairs, but we promise you it’s going to be worth it. Here, hidden in a former garage, is Café da Garagem (Costa do Castelo 75), a bohemian rooftop retreat and cultural club. Housed in a concrete‑walled space with scrap‑metal décor, Café da Garagem hosts alternative music, film screenings, poetry readings, and art exhibitions. A shimmering view of the castle and city below makes it a favorite among locals (and now tourists as well, as there is often a line outside waiting for a seat). You will need to go downstairs past the theater’s reception to reach the café and that beautiful view. If there is a line, it will start outside, but if there is no line, head straight downstairs to enjoy. We recommend the chocolate cake! 

The museum is open from 10:30 AM-9:00 PM from Wednesday-Sunday.

Note: this is not the best place for a sunset view. 

Now that you’ve had a nice little break, it’s time for the ultimate view from Lisbon’s highest hill, a 10‑minute uphill climb to Sao Jorge Castle.

12. São Jorge Castle 

São Jorge Castle, set majestically on Lisbon’s highest hill, offers perhaps the most spectacular panoramic views of the city and the Tagus River. This ancient fortress has served as a royal palace, military barracks, and now as a museum and viewpoint that attracts over one million visitors annually.

The castle’s history stretches back over 1,000 years. Archaeological evidence suggests a fortified settlement existed here during the Iron Age, around the 6th century BC. The Moors expanded and reinforced the fortifications in the 11th century, which created much of the basic structure visible today. When Portuguese forces, led by King Afonso Henriques, conquered Lisbon in 1147 during the Second Crusade, the castle became the royal residence and remained so until the 16th century.

The castle grounds cover approximately 6,000 square meters and include eleven towers, defensive walls, and the ruins of the former royal palace. The most impressive section is the citadel (alcáçova), where the royal family lived during the medieval period. The Tower of Ulysses houses a camera obscura that provides a unique 360-degree view of the city through a system of lenses and mirrors.

Walking along the castle walls offers multiple perspectives of Lisbon’s geography and urban development. To the south, the Tagus River spreads wide toward the Atlantic and showcases the natural harbor that made Lisbon a crucial port for centuries. To the north and west, the seven hills of Lisbon create a dramatic cityscape of red-tiled roofs, church spires, and modern buildings.

The castle’s peacocks, descendants of birds kept here since the mid-20th century, add an unexpected touch of exotic beauty to the medieval setting. These magnificent birds roam freely throughout the grounds. 

Pro Tip: Skip the Line Before making this climb, purchase your São Jorge Castle tickets online. This simple step will save you significant time, as the castle is one of Lisbon’s most popular attractions and the line for tickets can take over an hour, especially during peak tourist seasons. 

The castle is open every day from 9:00 AM-9:00 PM.

Conclusion

We hope you enjoyed this historic walk through Lisbon’s cafés, train stations, castles,  palaces, and theaters, all within a relatively small area!  

The walk’s total distance of approximately 3-4 kilometers and 3-4 hours of exploration provides an intimate understanding of how different historical periods layer upon each other in this remarkable city. Each landmark tells part of Lisbon’s story, but together they create a comprehensive portrait of a city that has experienced triumph, disaster, conquest, and revolution.

As you complete this walk at the top of São Jorge Castle, you’ll have experienced the full spectrum of Lisbon’s historical development. 

The more Portuguese we learn, the more it makes us smile. Building on our exploration of Portuguese culture through language, we’ve gathered twelve more delightful idioms that demonstrate the wit, wisdom, and warmth of Portuguese speakers. These expressions reveal deeper insights into Portuguese values from the importance of experience and authenticity to the gentle art of offering friendly advice.

These idioms are used in European Portuguese and will not only enhance your language skills but also help you connect more meaningfully with native speakers, just like our list of idioms that will make locals smile. Each funny phrase conjures up vivid imagery that makes them both memorable and endearing to use in conversation.

1. A galinha do vizinho sempre é mais gorda

English meaning – The grass is always greener on the other side

This wise idiom literally translates to “the neighbor’s chicken is always fatter,” serving as a gentle reminder that we often perceive others’ situations as better than our own. It reflects the universal human tendency to compare ourselves to others and find our own circumstances lacking.

Examples:

• Estás sempre a queixar-te do teu trabalho, mas a galinha do vizinho sempre é mais gorda. (You’re always complaining about your job, but the grass is always greener on the other side.)
• Não invejes a vida dos outros. A galinha do vizinho sempre é mais gorda, mas não conheces os problemas deles. (Don’t envy other people’s lives. The grass is always greener on the other side, but you don’t know their problems.)

2. Quem vê cara, não vê coração

English meaning – Don’t judge a book by its cover

Literally meaning “those who see faces don’t see hearts,” this poetic idiom reminds us that appearances can be deceiving. It emphasizes the Portuguese value of looking beyond surface appearances to understand someone’s true character or situation.

Examples:

• Ela parece muito séria, mas é uma pessoa muito divertida. Quem vê cara, não vê coração. (She seems very serious, but she’s a very fun person. Don’t judge a book by its cover.)
• Não julgues o novo colega apenas pela aparência. Quem vê cara, não vê coração. (Don’t judge the new colleague just by his appearance. Don’t judge a book by its cover.)

3. Ficar a ver navios

English meaning – To be left waiting in vain; to wait for something to happen, but it never materializes

This maritime-inspired expression literally means “to stay watching the ships” and captures the frustration of waiting for something that never materializes. It evokes the image of someone waiting at the harbor for a ship that never arrives.

Examples:

• Marquei encontro com ele às três, mas fiquei a ver navios. (I arranged to meet him at three, but I was left waiting in vain.)
• Prometeram aumentar-me o salário, mas fiquei a ver navios. (They promised to raise my salary, but I was left waiting in vain.)

4. Muitos anos a virar frangos

English meaning – To have many years of experience; to be an expert through long practice

Literally translating to “many years turning chickens,” this idiom refers to someone who has become an expert through extensive experience. It draws from the Portuguese tradition of grilling chicken, where the cook must skillfully turn the chicken to ensure even cooking.

Examples:

• O Carlos é um excelente mecânico, tem muitos anos a virar frangos. (Carlos is an excellent mechanic, he has many years of experience.)
• Ela cozinha muito bem, já tem muitos anos a virar frangos. (She cooks very well, she has many years of experience.)

5. Barata tonta

English meaning – Someone who is clumsy, disoriented, or acting foolishly

This amusing idiom literally means “dizzy cockroach” and perfectly captures the erratic, confused behavior of someone who doesn’t know what they’re doing. The image of a disoriented cockroach running around aimlessly makes this expression both vivid and memorable. Hopefully, you’ve never had to see a cockroach in real life, but something tells us that you know what we’re talking about!

Examples:

• Ele andava pela loja como uma barata tonta, sem saber o que estava a procurar. (He was walking around the shop like a dizzy cockroach, not knowing what he was looking for.)
• Depois do acidente, ficou como uma barata tonta durante alguns minutos. (After the accident, he was like a dizzy cockroach for a few minutes.)

6. Alimentar um burro a pão de ló

English meaning – To treat someone better than they deserve; to waste good things on someone who doesn’t appreciate them

This colorful idiom literally means “to feed a donkey sponge cake,” suggesting the wasteful act of giving something precious to someone who cannot appreciate its value. It reflects the Portuguese practical wisdom about not wasting good things on those who don’t deserve them.

Examples:

• Dar-lhe esse emprego foi como alimentar um burro a pão de ló. (Giving him that job was like feeding a donkey sponge cake.)
• Comprar-lhe roupas caras é como alimentar um burro a pão de ló, ele não se importa com a qualidade. (Buying him expensive clothes is like feeding a donkey sponge cake, he doesn’t care about quality.)

7. Dar com a língua nos dentes

English meaning – To accidentally reveal a secret; to let the cat out of the bag

This idiom literally means “to hit the tongue against the teeth” and describes the moment when someone accidentally reveals information they were supposed to keep secret. The physical imagery suggests how words can slip out uncontrollably.

Examples:

• Ia ser uma surpresa, mas ela deu com a língua nos dentes. (It was going to be a surprise, but she let the cat out of the bag.)
• Tentei manter o segredo, mas acabei por dar com a língua nos dentes. (I tried to keep the secret, but I ended up accidentally revealing it.)

8. Pagar o pato

English meaning – To take the blame or punishment for something someone else did; to be the scapegoat or take the fall for someone else

Literally meaning “to pay for the duck,” this idiom describes the unfortunate situation of being held responsible for someone else’s actions or mistakes. It captures the injustice of having to face consequences when you’re not the one who caused the problem.

Examples:

• O chefe zangou-se com toda a equipa, mas no final fui eu que paguei o pato. (The boss got angry with the whole team, but in the end I was the one who took the fall.)
• Ela não fez nada de errado, mas está sempre a pagar o pato pelos erros dos colegas. (She didn’t do anything wrong, but she’s always taking the blame for her colleagues’ mistakes.)

9. Não ter papas na língua

English meaning – To be direct and frank; to speak one’s mind without hesitation

This expression literally means “not to have porridge on the tongue” and describes someone who speaks clearly and directly without mincing words. It suggests clarity of speech and frankness in communication.

Examples:

• A diretora não tem papas na língua quando fala com os funcionários. (The director doesn’t mince words when speaking with employees.)
• Gosto dela porque não tem papas na língua, diz sempre o que pensa. (I like her because she’s direct, she always says what she thinks.)

10. Ter debaixo da língua

English meaning – To have something on the tip of one’s tongue; to be about to remember something

This idiom literally means “to have under the tongue” and describes that frustrating moment when you almost remember something but can’t quite recall it. It captures the sensation of information being just out of reach.

Examples:

• Tenho o nome dele debaixo da língua, mas não me lembro. (I have his name on the tip of my tongue, but I can’t remember it.)
• A resposta está debaixo da língua, mas não consigo lembrar-me. (The answer is on the tip of my tongue, but I can’t remember it.)

11. Falar para o boneco

English meaning – To talk to someone who isn’t paying attention; to waste one’s breath

This expression literally means “to talk to the doll” and describes the frustrating experience of speaking to someone who isn’t listening or paying attention. It evokes the image of talking to an inanimate object that cannot respond.

Examples:

• Estou aqui a explicar-te tudo e tu estás a falar para o boneco. (I’m here explaining everything to you and you’re not paying attention.)
• É inútil dar-lhe conselhos, é como falar para o boneco. (It’s useless giving him advice, it’s like talking to someone who isn’t listening.)

12. Ser uma pessoa de poucas palavras

English meaning – To be a person of few words; to be someone who doesn’t talk much

This straightforward idiom describes someone who is naturally quiet and doesn’t speak unless necessary. It reflects the Portuguese appreciation for people who choose their words carefully and speak with purpose.

Examples:

• O meu avô sempre foi uma pessoa de poucas palavras, mas quando falava, todos ouviam. (My grandfather was always a person of few words, but when he spoke, everyone listened.)
• Ela é uma pessoa de poucas palavras, mas muito sábia. (She’s a person of few words, but very wise.)

These twelve idioms offer a wonderful window into Portuguese culture and thinking. From the practical wisdom of not wasting good things on those who don’t appreciate them, to the gentle reminder that appearances can deceive, each expression carries valuable life lessons wrapped in memorable imagery. Try using these in your conversations with Portuguese speakers. Their amused reactions will tell you that you’ve truly connected with the heart of the Portuguese language and culture!

The Festival of Santo António on June 12 transforms Lisbon into a non-stop party of music, dance, romance, and religious devotion. But there is fascinating story behind the colorful marches, grilled sardines, and the group weddings parading through the streets – a saint who captured the hearts of Lisboners centuries ago and continues to be celebrated around the world.

Santo António, known internationally as Saint Anthony of Padua, holds a special place in Lisbon’s heart. His influence permeates daily life from matters of the heart to lost possessions. This makes him one of the most approachable and beloved saints in the Catholic faith. But who was Santo António and what makes him so beloved? Here are seven interesting facts about this remarkable figure who has become synonymous with Lisbon itself.

1. Santo António is actually not the official patron saint of Lisbon!

Perhaps the most surprising fact about Santo António’s role in Lisbon is that he technically shares his patron saint status under somewhat controversial circumstances. The official patron saint of Lisbon, according to the Catholic Church, is actually São Vicente (Saint Vincent). His statue stands proudly at Portas do Sol in Alfama, where he holds the symbol of the city – a ship crewed by two crows.

Why does Santo António outshine the official patron saint, São Vicente? Blame it on the weather! São Vicente’s feast day falls on January 22nd, which is hardly ideal weather for the outdoor partying that Lisboetas adore. Santo António’s feast day, June 13th, arrives at the perfect time of year for firing up the sardine grill and dancing in the streets!

This reveals something charming about Portuguese culture: while deeply respectful of tradition and faith, the people aren’t above making practical adjustments to be able come together as a community and celebrate. Santo António was essentially adopted by popular demand!

2. He was born right in the heart of Lisbon.

Unlike many patron saints who are adopted by cities with which they had little connection, Santo António has authentic Lisbon roots that run deep. Born in 1195, he entered the world just steps away from where the Sé Cathedral stands today, in the very heart of what was then a much smaller medieval city. The church that now bears his name, Igreja de Santo António, sits was essentially built right on top of his birthplace.

This really explains Lisbon’s devotion to Santo António. He is genuinely one of Lisbon’s own, a Lisbon boy who grew up to achieve international recognition for his holiness and wisdom. The fact that visitors can walk the same narrow streets where the young António once played gives his cult of devotion an intimacy that’s hard to replicate with imported saints.

The neighborhood around the Sé where Santo António was born retains much of its medieval character today. The winding streets, ancient buildings, and steep hillsides create an atmosphere where it’s easy to imagine life in the 12th century. During the June festivities, these same streets come alive with decorations and music celebrating Lisbon’s most famous son.

3. He was declared a saint less than a year after his death.

While Santo António was born and raised in Lisbon, his path to sainthood and international recognition came from Italy, specifically in the city of Padua.

After becoming a Franciscan friar, Santo António embarked on an extraordinary journey that took him through Morocco and France before ultimately leading him to Italy. His travels through Morocco connected him to the broader Mediterranean world and exposed him to different cultures and religious perspectives. This international experience shaped his worldview and contributed to his effectiveness as a teacher and preacher.

It was in Padua where Santo António truly flourished as a theologian and teacher. He taught at several European universities and earned recognition for his profound understanding of theology and his exceptional ability to communicate complex religious concepts to a variety of audiences – Santo António was truly a man of the people. His reputation as a scholar and holy man spread throughout Italy and beyond and established him as one of the most important religious figures of his era.

His Italian period also contributed to his rapid canonization. He was declared a saint less than a year after his death, an almost unprecedented speed that testified to his widespread reputation for holiness and miracle-working. This quick recognition by the Catholic Church helped establish his cult of devotion across Europe.

4. He’s the ultimate matchmaker saint.

Perhaps no aspect of Santo António’s reputation is more beloved in Portugal than his role as the matchmaker saint. This designation has transformed him into something of a celestial cupid and made him responsible for bringing couples together and ensuring happy marriages. The tradition is so strong that it has shaped one of Lisbon’s most distinctive and heartwarming traditions.

Since 1958, Lisbon has hosted the Casamentos de Santo António (Santo António’s Weddings), a remarkable event that takes place annually on June 12th, the day before the saint’s feast day. This mass wedding ceremony, where the civil ceremony happens in the Igreja de Santo António, allows couples with financial difficulties to celebrate their marriage with the city’s sponsorship. The Sé Cathedral serves as the venue for the religious part of the ceremony, and the couples feel special on their wedding day alongside multiple couples saying their vows simultaneously.

The sight of many couples in wedding attire, surrounded by family and friends, embodies the spirit of Santo António’s generosity. The event is also televised and allows all of Portugal to participate in these moments of happiness and hope. Throughout the year, young people pray to Santo António for help in finding love, and many credit him with bringing them together with their future spouses. Couples often visit his church to ask for his blessing on their relationships, and his feast day is considered an especially auspicious time for proposals and declarations of love.

5. He’s the go-to saint for lost things (and lost People and lost souls).

As if Santo António wasn’t already doing enough, he’s also internationally recognized as the patron saint of lost items, lost people, and lost souls. This makes him one of the most practically useful saints in the Catholic calendar, someone you can turn to whether you’ve misplaced your keys or lost your way in life. It also helps to make him immediately relatable for modern people. Countless Catholics around the world have whispered quick prayers to Santo António when searching for missing objects: “Santo António, Santo António, look around, something’s lost and must be found.” This simple prayer has been repeated in dozens of languages across continents.

As the patron of lost people, he’s also invoked by families searching for missing relatives, by travelers who have lost their way, and by anyone feeling disconnected from their community or purpose.

The “lost souls” aspect of his patronage speaks to his role as a spiritual guide for those struggling with faith, doubt, or moral confusion. His own journey from Portugal to Morocco to France to Italy demonstrates his understanding of spiritual searching and the winding paths that lead to enlightenment and peace.

6. His popularity spans continents and centuries.

Santo António’s influence extends far beyond the borders of Portugal, as we have already mentioned. But just how far?

It is estimated that there more than 65 municipalities, cities, or towns named after the saint, along with seven rivers, seven waterfalls, five mountains, two islands, and two lagoons. In Brazil alone, there are 38 municipalities with Santo António in their names. In the state of São Paulo, one researcher identified, more than ten waterways, two mountains, and one lagoon named after the beloved saint.

And that’s not even counting the churches! A 1981 survey by the Catholic Church in Brazil revealed 158 churches dedicated to St. António’s devotion in just the region from Santa Catarina to Espírito Santo including São Paulo.

This widespread popularity speaks to Santo António’s accessibility and relevance across different cultures and social contexts. People truly consider Santo António a saint who understands their daily struggles and aspirations and a saint for everyday people dealing with ordinary challenges.

A Saint for Modern Times

Unlike some saints whose stories seem distant and otherworldly, Santo António addresses the everyday concerns that continue to occupy our thoughts: love, loss, community, and the search for meaning.

His story embodies the Portuguese spirit in many ways. It is practical yet romantic, deeply traditional yet adaptable to changing times, locally rooted yet internationally minded. The fact that a 12th-century friar continues to inspire mass celebrations, televised weddings, and neighborhood competitions in the 21st century speaks to something enduring in his appeal.

In Santo António, Lisbon adopted a patron saint that is reflection of its own character: generous, romantic, welcoming, and eternally optimistic about the power of human connection.

Manuel II’s story reads like a tragic novel. He was a young prince thrust into power during one of the most turbulent periods in Portuguese history, only to witness the end of a monarchy that had ruled for centuries. Known as both “The Patriot” and “The Unfortunate,” his brief reign marked the final chapter of royal rule in Portugal.

1. He never expected to be king.

Born on November 15, 1889, in the opulent royal palace of Belém in Lisbon, Manuel Maria Filipe Carlos Amélio Luís Miguel Rafael Gabriel Gonzaga Xavier Francisco de Assis Eugénio de Bragança e Saxe-Coburgo-Gotha (yes, you read that right!) was the second son of King Carlos I, which meant the throne was never supposed to be his. His older brother Prince Luís Filipe was the heir apparent groomed from birth to become the next king.

This birth order actually worked in Manuel’s favor during his formative years. While his brother underwent intensive political training and statecraft education, Manuel was free to pursue a more well-rounded royal education. He excelled in literature, history, and languages and developed the intellectual curiosity that would later serve him well during his years in exile. His education also included physical disciplines like fencing and navigation, skills that reflected the traditional military heritage of Portuguese royalty. The young prince showed a particular aptitude for scholarly pursuits, which would ultimately define his later life when the crown was no longer his burden to bear.

2. His father and brother were killed in a devastating assassination that changed everything.

On February 1, 1908, Manuel’s world shattered in an instant during what became known as the Lisbon Regicide. The royal family was returning from their estate at Vila Viçosa when tragedy struck in broad daylight at the Terreiro do Paço, one of Lisbon’s most prominent public spaces also known as Praça do Comércio. Republican assassins, driven by mounting frustration with the monarchy’s authoritarian policies, opened fire on the open carriage carrying the royal family.

The attack was swift and devastating. King Carlos I was killed instantly, while Crown Prince Luís Filipe, though initially surviving the first shots, died shortly thereafter from his wounds. Manuel, sitting in the same carriage, witnessed the brutal murder of his father and brother while somehow escaping with only minor injuries. The traumatic experience would haunt him for the rest of his life, but in that moment, the 18-year-old prince had no time to grieve. He was suddenly the King of Portugal and inherited both a throne that had become a target and a kingdom teetering on the precipice of revolution.

3. His reign lasted only two years.

Manuel II’s time on the throne was remarkably brief. He only ruled from 1908 to 1910. However, those 26 months were packed with more political drama and upheaval than many monarchs face in decades. Portugal in 1908 was a nation in crisis: the economy was stagnating, political parties were deeply divided, and the republican movement had gained significant momentum among intellectuals, military officers, and the urban working class.

The challenges facing the young king were immense. The monarchy had lost much of its traditional support base, and many Portuguese citizens viewed the royal family as out of touch with the nation’s struggles. Economic hardship was widespread, with Portugal lagging behind other European nations in industrialization and modernization. Social unrest was common, and the republican movement offered an appealing alternative to many who had lost faith in monarchical rule. Despite these overwhelming obstacles, Manuel attempted to navigate the political minefield with a maturity that belied his young age, though ultimately the forces arrayed against the monarchy proved too powerful to overcome.

4. He fired the controversial Prime Minister as one of his first acts as king.

One of Manuel’s first and most significant acts as king was dismissing João Franco, the authoritarian prime minister whose harsh policies and dictatorial methods had intensified public anger against the monarchy. Franco had ruled with an iron fist, both suspending constitutional guarantees and governing by decree. This had alienated broad segments of Portuguese society and strengthened the republican cause.

The decision to remove Franco was both politically astute and personally brave for the young monarch. Franco had been his father’s chosen minister, and dismissing him was essentially a repudiation of his father’s political legacy. In Franco’s place, Manuel appointed Admiral Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral to lead a coalition government that included members from both major parties known as the Regenerators and the Progressists. This move represented Manuel’s attempt to return to constitutional governance and heal the deep political wounds that had been festering under Franco’s authoritarian rule. However, the damage to the monarchy’s reputation had already been done.

5. He tried to make peace with republicans.

Unlike many monarchs faced with opposition, Manuel II actively sought dialogue with republican leaders. He demonstrated a political sophistication that was remarkable for someone so young and inexperienced. He recognized that the old ways of ruling were no longer sustainable in a rapidly changing world where democratic ideals were gaining ground across Europe.

The young king made efforts included attempts to expand political participation, reduce royal prerogatives, and create a more inclusive system of governance. Manuel understood that Portugal needed to evolve with the times or risk being swept away by the tide of republican sentiment. He even considered the possibility of transforming Portugal into a constitutional monarchy similar to those in Britain or other European nations. Unfortunately, the republican movement had already gained too much momentum, and many of its leaders wanted complete political transformation and the end of monarchical rule altogether.

6. The October 1910 Revolution ended Manuel II’s reign.

The final blow came on October 5, 1910 when a carefully orchestrated military uprising supported by civilian republicans erupted in Lisbon. The revolution began in the early hours of the morning when republican forces seized key points throughout the capital city. The warship Adamastor, which was positioned in the Tagus River, turned its guns on the Necessidades Palace where Manuel was residing. This sent a clear and unmistakable message that the monarchy’s time had come to an end.

As cannon fire echoed through the streets and revolutionary forces took control of government buildings, it became clear that Manuel’s position had become completely untenable. Rather than risk a civil war that would bring tremendous suffering to the Portuguese people, the young king made the difficult but honorable decision to abdicate his throne and leave the country. His departure marked both the end of his personal reign and the conclusion of nearly eight centuries of monarchical rule in Portugal.

7. He escaped Portugal on a British naval vessel.

Manuel’s departure from Portugal was as dramatic as his brief reign. On the morning of October 5, 1910, as revolutionary forces tightened their grip on Lisbon, Manuel and his mother, Queen Amélie, made a desperate flight from the capital. First, they sought refuge at the National Palace in Mafra, but even this historic royal residence proved unsafe as republican forces advanced.

The royal family ultimately made their way to the small fishing town of Ericeira, northwest of Lisbon, where they boarded the royal yacht Amélia. From there, they sailed to safety aboard a British warship anchored in the Tagus River, which was an ironic end given Portugal’s historic alliance with Britain. The young king took one last look at the Portuguese coastline as the ship carried him away from the only home he had ever known. He was just 20 years old, and he would never again set foot on Portuguese soil. The sight of the last King of Portugal sailing into exile marked the end of an era that had begun with the founding of the Portuguese kingdom in the 12th century.

8. He became a distinguished scholar in exile.

Rather than wallowing in bitterness or plotting a return to power like many deposed monarchs, Manuel II channeled his considerable intellect and energy into scholarly pursuits that would benefit Portuguese culture for generations to come. He settled in Twickenham, near London, in a modest but comfortable home that he transformed into a center of Portuguese learning and culture. The house became known for its remarkable library, which Manuel painstakingly assembled over the years, collecting rare Portuguese books, manuscripts, and historical documents.

During his exile, he wrote “Early Portuguese Books, 1489–1600,” a three-volume monument to Portuguese literary and cultural heritage. This comprehensive bibliography took years of meticulous research and scholarship and remains an invaluable resource for historians, bibliographers, and anyone interested in Portuguese culture and literature.

9. He married into German nobility.

In 1913, three years after his exile began, Manuel married Princess Augusta Victoria of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. The wedding was a significant social event among European nobility and was attended by representatives from royal houses across the continent who still recognized Manuel’s legitimate claim to the Portuguese throne.

Augusta Victoria was a woman of considerable intelligence and character, and she proved to be a devoted companion to Manuel throughout their years together. The couple shared interests in literature, history, and culture, and Augusta Victoria supported Manuel’s scholarly endeavors while also engaging in charitable work within the Portuguese exile community in London. Their marriage, though it took place far from the Portuguese soil that Manuel could never again call home, provided him with stability and companionship during what could have been very lonely years in exile.

10. He had no children.

One of the most poignant and historically significant aspects of Manuel’s story is that he and Princess Augusta Victoria never had children, despite nearly two decades of marriage. This childlessness carried profound implications that extended far beyond personal disappointment. It meant that, when Manuel died, the direct royal line that had ruled Portugal for centuries would come to an end and symbolically closed the book on the Portuguese monarchy forever.

The absence of an heir also meant that Manuel could never harbor realistic hopes of a restoration, as there would be no son to carry on his claim or to potentially benefit from any future political changes in Portugal. This reality may have contributed to Manuel’s peaceful acceptance of his fate and his decision to dedicate himself to scholarly rather than political pursuits. In a very real sense, Manuel was not just the last King of Portugal to rule, but the last King of Portugal, period.

11. He died young and far from home.

Manuel II’s life was cut tragically short when he died on July 2, 1932, at just 42 years old, after succumbing to complications from a throat infection that developed into a more serious condition. His death occurred at his home in Twickenham, surrounded by his beloved books and manuscripts but far from the Portuguese landscapes of his youth. The irony was not lost on observers that a man who had spent his exile years preserving Portuguese culture and literature would die without ever again seeing the country that had shaped his identity.

His funeral in England was a dignified affair that reflected both his royal status and his scholarly achievements. The ceremony was attended by members of European royalty, exiled Portuguese nobles, and British scholars who had come to respect his intellectual contributions. Representatives from Portuguese communities throughout Europe came to pay their respects to the man who, despite losing his throne, had never stopped serving as an ambassador for Portuguese culture.

12. Portugal was one of the first monarchies to fall.

When Manuel fled in 1910, Europe still had a lot of monarchies. At the time of Manuel’s birth in 1889, only Switzerland and France were republics on the continent. Portugal’s republican revolution thus represented an early wave in what would become a much larger transformation of European political systems.

The Portuguese Republic established in 1910 would serve as a model and inspiration for other republican movements across Europe, especially in the aftermath of World War I when several major monarchies would collapse. Manuel’s overthrow was part of a broader wave of democratic movements that would reshape the entire continent.

What Happened to the Portuguese Royal Family?

Following Manuel II’s death without heirs in 1932, the question of royal succession fell to the constitutional rules governing the Portuguese crown. According to these laws, the throne would pass to the nearest legitimate male relative with Portuguese nationality from a collateral line of the royal family.

This succession passed to the descendants of Dom Miguel I, who had been Manuel’s great-great-uncle and had a claim to the throne during the 19th-century civil wars. Dom Miguel’s line had been in exile since the 1830s, but they maintained their claim to royal status.

Dom Duarte Nuno, a descendant of Dom Miguel I, became the head of the Portuguese Royal House after Manuel II’s death. When Dom Duarte Nuno died in 1976, leadership passed to his eldest son, Dom Duarte Pio, who was born in Switzerland in 1945.

Today’s Portuguese Royal Family

Dom Duarte Pio currently serves as the Duke of Braganza and head of the Portuguese Royal House. In 1995, he married Isabel Inês de Castro Curvello de Herédia in what was the first royal wedding to take place on Portuguese soil since 1886. The couple has three children: Prince Afonso (born 1996), who holds the title Prince of Beira and works in asset management in Geneva, Infanta Maria Francisca (born 1997), who married in 2023 and previously worked in communications, and Infante Dinis (born 1999), who studies International Relations and is developing a consulting business.

The family was allowed to return to Portugal in the 1950s when the laws of exile were finally repealed. Dom Duarte Pio has dedicated himself to cultural and charitable work. He played a notable role in advocating for East Timor’s independence and was even granted Timorese citizenship in recognition of his efforts.

While Portugal remains a republic with no plans to restore the monarchy, the Braganza family continues to serve as cultural ambassadors for Portuguese heritage and maintains connections with royal houses across Europe. They represent a living link to Portugal’s monarchical past while adapting to their role in the modern democratic nation that emerged from the revolution that ended Manuel II’s brief and tragic reign over a century ago.

If you’re a book, beer, picnic, or park lover, then we’ve got the perfect place for you to visit this June in Lisbon. From June 4-22, Parque Eduardo VII transforms into a book lover’s paradise that is now celebrating its 95th edition (yes, it is THAT successful).

“So, Portugal.com, is this just a place where I can look at books, pick one out, and then go home? I can do that at any bookshop in town. Or better yet – I can just buy a book online.”

“No, dear reader, the Lisbon Book Fair is much, much more and is the perfect place for introverts to escape the hordes of revelers stuffing their faces with sardines and chorizo all around town during the Santos Populares festivals.” Now, let’s look at the reasons why.

What Can You Find at the Book Fair

First, the Lisbon Book Fair takes place in one of Lisbon’s most beautiful parks – Parque Eduardo VII, which offers beautiful views at the top of the hill over which the park extends. The fair has over 50 booksellers from local independent shops to big retailers such as El Corte Inglés and FNAC. Many of the book stalls are set up like mini bookstores. You can walk in, peruse the titles, offered in a variety of languages (although most of them are in Portuguese), and even plop down on a nearby beanbag chair and start reading right away.

With so many books to discover, you could easily spend hours browsing through the titles, finding the perfect book to suit your late spring fancy. Once you find your perfect book, you can check out talks and mini concerts at one of two main stages, one at the top end of the park and one at the bottom near Marquês de Pombal. Some stalls also exhibit art and serve wine, crepes, and ice cream. Near the top end of the park, you can also grab a meal from food trucks serving vegetarian meals, poke bowls, and empanadas, to name a few.

And Then You Can Picnic in the Park! 

While you’re up near the north end of the park, you can retreat into a leafy greenhouse that is truly one of Lisbon’s best hidden gems called Estufa Fria, which is closed on Mondays but open every other day from 10:00 AM – 7:00 PM. You can also sit on a bench above Parque Eduardo VII in a separate part of the park called Jardim Amália Rodrigues. Better yet, bring your own picnic blanket and bottle of wine and enjoy your new book in comfort under a tree. Because Parque Eduardo VII has some of the most open space of any of the central parks in Lisbon, there are plenty of options for a picnic spot! So why not combine the fresh new pages of a book with the coziness of a picnic? Our final recommendation here is a stop by the Linha D’Água, just three minutes from Jardim Amália Rodrigues, where you can grab a coffee or a beer and sit around a pond.

Have you convinced you? Then, come on over and enjoy the Lisbon Book Fair (Feira do Livro) during the following hours from June 4 – June 22:  

• Monday-Thursday – 12:00 PM – 10:00 PM
• Fridays and Holiday Evenings – 12:00 PM – 11:00 PM
• Saturdays – 10:00 AM – 11:00 PM
• Sundays and Holidays – 10:00 AM – 10:00 PM

Don’t miss this annual celebration of literature, culture, and the final days of spring in one of Europe’s most beautiful cities! The Lisbon Book Fair is waiting for you!

Looking for More to Do While You’re in Town? Check Out These Lisbon Tours!

Undiscovered Lisbon Food & Wine Tour with Eating Europe

Lisbon Sunset Sailing Tour with White or Rosé Wine and Snacks

Sintra and Cascais Small-Group Day Trip from Lisbon

Three Cities in One Day: Porto, Nazare and Obidos from Lisbon

Lisbon E-Bike Tour Commerce Square, Mouraria and Alfama